Stubble burning has emerged as a significant environmental challenge, especially in areas such as Punjab, Haryana and Delhi in India, leading to air pollution and loss of valuable biomass resources. This paper explores the use of bioethanol production from stubble as a viable solution to these problems. This review paper explores the potential of using stubble as a feedstock for sustainable fuel production. It provides a comprehensive overview of the bioethanol production process from stubble, which includes key steps such as stubble harvesting and collection, pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation, distillation, purification, optional denaturation, and optional aging. The importance of effective pretreatment is emphasized, which allows the breakdown of the complex lignocellulosic structure of stubble into simple sugars that can be easily converted into ethanol. Various physical, chemical, and biological pretreatment methods are discussed, including mechanical, chemical, and biological approaches. In addition, this paper presents an in-depth examination of the state-of-the-art techniques and methodologies used to optimize efficiency and effectiveness in the production of ethanol from agricultural stubble. The current state of research and ongoing efforts in this area are also discussed, shedding light on the progress and future prospects of stubble fuel technologies. The importance of this review lies in its contribution to the development of a greener future by highlighting the potential of stubble as a renewable energy source. Using stubble for bioethanol production instead of burning it can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate environmental pollution. This paper highlights the importance of adopting sustainable practices and provides valuable insights into the use of stubble as a stepping stone to a greener and more sustainable future.

Keywords: Bioethanol, Stubble, Pretreatment, Lignocellulosic structure, Enzymatic Hydrolysis, Fermentation