Biodiesel is a renewable and clean fuel as it reduces carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, and particulate matter emissions compared with petroleum-based diesel fuel. Biodiesel is a long-chain fatty acid ester made from renewed and biological raw materials such as used cooking, animal fat, vegetable oil, and algae. Production of biodiesel from renewable resources is done through the transesterification reaction at which the organic group (alkyl) of alcohol is substituted with the organic group of a triglyceride– the main component of the feedstock –producing fatty acid alkyl ester (biodiesel) and crude glycerol. Biodiesel can be used in pure form (B100) or may be blended with petroleum diesel at any concentration if its specifications is identical to the international standard specifications provided by American standard for testing materials (ASTM) or EN14214 in the European Union for alternative fuels. This study deals with different types of feedstocks treatment methods, and biodiesel production technologies. Various changes were made within the transesterification techniques that lead to varied physical properties of biodiesel and amounts of biodiesel.

Key words: Biodiesel, algae, waste cooking oil and transesterification