The economy of a state serves as the foundational pillar upon which all other superstructures such as governance, law enforcement, and public institutions are built. A resilient and thriving economy not only enhances the standard of living but also strengthens the operational efficiency of governmental bodies and security agencies. Conversely, economic instability has been closely linked to a range of societal issues, including malnutrition, rising crime rates, and human trafficking. In contexts such as Nigeria and the Benin Republic, economic fragility acts as a significant pull factor that facilitates the recruitment of human trafficking victims, undermines effective border control, and creates conditions conducive to trafficking networks. This study explores the relationship between economic instability and human trafficking in both countries. Grounded in Failed State Theory, DeLanda’s Assemblage Theory, and Social Complexity Theory, the research employed a mixed-methods design. It drew on data from a sample of 56 trafficking victims and supplementary documentary evidence from global human trafficking reports. The findings reveal that persistent economic instability in Nigeria and Benin Republic contributes significantly to human trafficking by weakening institutional capacity, encouraging cartel activity, increasing the vulnerability of citizens, and hampering border management. The study recommends that combating human trafficking must begin with a comprehensive economic reform agenda, one that prioritizes job creation, strengthens institutional frameworks, and enhances border security mechanisms.

Key words: Economic instability, Human Trafficking, Porous Border, Recruitment