Chronic pulmonary tuberculosis caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. Tuberculosis) which is a major cause of global health problems in developing countries. Co-infection with several Mycobacterium strains or species has, however, also been documented. M. tuberculosis is an aerobic, acid-fast, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacillus. One of the most prevalent symptoms of TB patients is anaemia, which is thought to be the cause of its poor prognosis. The most prevalent type of anaemia is iron deficiency anaemia, which lowers the host's capacity to defend against foreign antigens and results in an impaired immune response. The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of anaemia among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in the Medical Department at Ayub Teaching Hospital  Abbottabad. The study was carried out at Ayub Teaching Hospital Abbottabad's Department of General Medicine from January to June 2022. it was a cross Sectional (Descriptive) Study. Suspected cases of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) from the Hazara division visiting  Medical units of Ayub Teaching Hospital  Abbottabad, ranging in age from 20 to 60 years, were selected as participants. Their sputum for acid fast bacilli (AFB) was collected in a bottle. Blood was collected in an EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) tube and was examined in the laboratory. The patients had a mean age of 38.76±15.16 years (range: 20-60) and a mean haemoglobin level of 11.477±2.173. Male patients had a mean haemoglobin level of 11.961±2.333, while female patients had a mean level of 10.794±1.720. Of the patients, 64.3% (110) were anaemic and 35.7% (61) were non-anaemic. In conclusion, Tuberculosis is a common disease in a developing country like Pakistan. Anemia related to tuberculosis is prevalent in most cases and needs further evaluation to decrease the morbidity and mortality ratio.

Key words: Anemia, Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB), Sputum