The potential of compounds derived from plants as an alternative or complement to conventional cancer treatments is explored in this article. As powerful anticancer drugs, vinca alkaloids, taxanes, curcumin, and resveratrol bring about cell death, halt cell cycles, and obstruct angiogenesis. Discovering and optimising plant-derived small chemical inhibitors is made possible by advanced methods such as HTS and SAR analysis. Despite their lower toxicity and environmental benefits, challenges such as drug resistance, toxicity, and production complexities persist. The review emphasizes the need for continued research to enhance the efficacy, safety, and scalability of plant-based cancer treatments. Additionally, it highlights emerging trends in plant-based diets, noting their potential in reducing cancer risk while stressing the importance of further studies to assess their environmental impact and nutritional value.