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Protein Kinase PKA pathways regulate autophagy in result to nutrient starvation in fission yeast

. Muhammad Luqman, Yasir Nawaz, Rimsha, Shazia Yaseen, Yaseen Ullah, Hafiza Fizzah Riaz, Muhammad Umair, Huang Ying & Farman Ullah


Abstract

Autophagy plays a crucial role in differentiation and is an evolutionarily conserved process that degrades cellular organelles and antigens. All Saccharomyces mutants missing Atg proteins reduce survivability at nitrogen destitution, with eighty percent losing their viability after five days of deprivation, and consequently are incapable of grow. Both of the PKA and TOR pathways have been associated in regulation of autophagy. S. pombe has been engaged as an innovative classical organism to research autophagy in recent years. It reproduces asexually via the mitotic cell phase in the existence of nutrients. Nitrogen deficiency causes cell cycle capture in G1, and cells suffer sexual variation and meiosis, resulting in four resistant haploid spores that continue inactive up to they meet fortunate development situations. In S. pombe, cyclic AMP likewise acting an imperative character in the parameter of cellular development and sexual improvement. The ste11 gene in fission yeast encodes an HMG transcription factor, which is accountable for the manifestation of several genes mandatory for sexual growth to begin. Several nutrient-sensing pathways regulate autophagy, particularly after it has been established that certain types of nutritional deficiencies can activate autophagy in S. pombe. The pathways of Pka has been discussed in the article. Different paralogs of PKA  and TORC1 for S. cerevisiae was found but not in S. pombe. Three paralogs for ssu1 gene was found in S. pombe. It is concluded that, different genes are included in the regulation of Pka pathways as well as cgs1, cgs2, pka1, Rst2, Ste11 and Atf1. These results in the process of autophagy in S. pombe

Keywords: Protein kinase pathways, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Cell cycle, Yeast, Genes

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