Modern irrigation systems play a crucial role in the development of irrigation projects. They are considered essential for optimizing water usage and enhancing agricultural productivity, in line with Egypt's water resource management strategy for 2050. The sesame crop, valued for its protein, calcium, and phosphorus-rich seeds, flourishes in modern irrigation systems and is a significant oil crop in Egypt. The research focuses on the limited irrigation water in Fayoum Governorate, attributed to inefficient water use and traditional flood irrigation methods. This study aims to assess water resources in Egypt during the 2023 study period and evaluate the impact of different irrigation systems on the productivity and economic efficiency of sesame crops in Fayoum. The findings reveal that Egypt and Fayoum Governorate utilized approximately 60.1 billion m3 and 1.99 billion m3 of water for agriculture, respectively, between 2004 and 2023. Statistical analysis of the sesame crop production function, considering the implementation of drip irrigation systems, yielded significant results, with a determination coefficient of around 91% and a total elasticity of approximately 2.181, indicating increased returns to scale. The research concludes with several recommendations, emphasizing the necessity for the government to implement policies facilitating a complete transition to modern irrigation systems, thereby optimizing water consumption and enhancing productive.

Keywords: modern irrigation systems , water rationing , sesame crop.