Objectives: This study aims to explore self-efficacy in drug abstinence among addicted inmates in correctional and rehabilitation centers.

Methodology: The descriptive method was employed, focusing on a sample of 70 inmates from Beitunia Correctional Center. The Drug Abstinence Self-Efficacy Scale, consisting of 20 items, was used to assess the inmates' confidence in abstaining from drug use.

Results: The results indicated significant differences in self-efficacy based on the duration of drug use, ease of obtaining drugs, type of drug, and duration of incarceration. Inmates with a shorter duration of drug use (1-3 years) exhibited higher self-efficacy compared to those with more extended drug use (>3 years). Similarly, those who found it easy to obtain drugs showed lower self-efficacy in abstaining. Cocaine users demonstrated higher self-efficacy compared to cannabis users. Additionally, inmates with longer incarceration periods (>5 years) reported greater self-efficacy than those with shorter sentences.

Conclusions: The results suggest the need for targeted interventions focusing on inmates with a long history of drug use, those who find it easy to obtain drugs, and those with shorter sentences to enhance their self-efficacy and support successful rehabilitation.

Keywords: Drug abstinence, self-efficacy, inmates, correctional centers, rehabilitation.