Ethoxysulfuron, herbicide is used to control undesired plants but can lead to contamination of aquatic ecosystems. This research was conducted to observe the toxic impacts of Ethoxysulfuron on Freshwater Rohu (Labeo rohita). The main object of study was to assess the genotoxic potential and biomarkers of oxidative stress and the status of antioxidant enzymes in Labeo rohita exposed to different concentration of Ethoxysulfuron. For this purpose, 60 fresh water fishes (Labeo rohita) were purchased with no clinical ailments from fish hatchery in Bahawalpur Pakistan. The fish were kept in glass aquarium and allowed to acclimatize for a week. The temperature was kept almost 28 to 32°C. Constant air was bubbled into aquarium by air pump. The fish were divided into four groups (A-D), with Group A serving as the control, and Groups B, C, and D receiving 0.250g/L, 0.375g/L, and 0.500g/L of Ethoxysulfuron, respectively, over 21 days. Water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and mortality of fish were noticed during experiment after every 12 h. we collected various tissues, including blood and visceral organs (heart, brain, liver, gills, kidneys, and blood), from each fish after 7 ,14 and 21days respectively. The results show that significant genotoxic effects in treated groups, including increased micronuclei and various nuclear abnormalities in erythrocytes. Morphological changes in RBCs were noticed, including decreased RBC values and increased leptocytes, spherocytes, microcytes, and pear-shaped erythrocytes. Additionally, biomarkers of oxidative stress were increased, while antioxidant enzyme levels were decreased in treated fish. These findings suggest that Ethoxysulfuron produce oxidative stress and genotoxicity, adversely affecting multiple tissues in Labeo rohita, and point out the potential environmental risks of this herbicide to aquatic organisms.

Key Words- Labeo rohita, Ethoxysulfuron, DNA damage, Aquatic Toxicity, Oxidative Stress