The adaptable medicinal plant Vachellia nilotica contains a wealth of bioactive chemicals that have significant therapeutic promise. Examining the many phytochemicals found in Vachellia nilotica, such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phenolic compounds, and essential oils, is the focus of this review. With notable antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-diabetic effects, each of these substances adds to the plant's remarkable pharmacological profile. Quercetin and kaempferol are two flavonoids that increase insulin sensitivity, which makes the plant a powerful tool for managing diabetes. Gallic and ellagic acid are two examples of tannins that fight oxidative stress and shield cells from harm. Furthermore, the plant's broad-spectrum antibacterial activity targets a variety of infections, enhancing its reputation as a safe, natural substitute for pharmaceutical medications. The numerous health advantages and safe profile of Vachelia nilotica underscore its potential as a long-term herbal remedy for contemporary therapies.

Keywords: Phytochemicals, Antioxidant, Quercetin, Medicinal plant, Vachellia nilotica, Tannins.