Aquaculture makes a significant contribution to aquatic goods and dietary protein. It, like the rest of the food industry, is confronted with huge problems such as adverse weather occurrences, environmental stress factors, and industrial pollutants. Sub-lethal exposures of industrial effluents at acute and chronic durations were subjected to Oreochromis niloticus. Toxic impacts of effluents on hematological, histological, hepatosomatic and nephrosomatic indices were recorded in exposure groups with reference to unexposed fish. Exposure to industrial effluents damaged the fish tissues irreparably, demonstrated by altered histoarchitecture of liver and kidney, with the common anomalies of necrosis, focal are of necrosis, hemorrhage, edema, hypertrophy, atrophy and toxicant accumulation along with the anomalies specified for both organs. The HAI values of kidney for acute (1.31) and chronic (1.46) exposure groups were found non-significantly different and its values for the liver were 1.46 and 1.62, respectively. The organosomatic index of the liver exhibited highly significant (p < 0.05) variations between experimental groups as well as highly significant (p < 0.001) variations in the kidney in comparison to the control group specimens. The major hematological findings were significant (p < 0.05) reductions in hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cells and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations in exposed fish groups as compared to unexposed fish.

Keywords: Nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, histopathology, hepatic index, renal index, toxicity