The Euphorbiaceae plant Ricinus communis L. is used to cure many types of illnesses. There are 7,500 species and almost 300 genera in the broad family Euphorbiaceae. Of all plants, Ricinus communis L., sometimes termed as the castor bean plant, has significant therapeutic as well as traditional benefits for a population free from illness. The plant has anti-fertility, anti-implantation, antinociceptive, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic, anti-ulcer, anti-microbial, insecticidal, molluscicidal, anti-asthmatic, cytotoxic, and lipolytic effects. Moreover, preliminary phytochemical analysis of R. communis found that it included Glycosides, Alkaloids, Saponins, Steroids, and Saponin-like compounds. R. communis performs a vast range of functions that are unique to this common plant, including antimicrobial, smooth muscle relaxant, and anti-asthmatic. This plant's entire life cycle is utilized in traditional medicine. Although its seeds are hazardous, when utilized in certain amounts, they have powerful pharmacological effect. The goal of this review is to give researchers advance information about R. communis's traditional usage, pharmacognostic properties, and pharmacological nature so they can more easily examine the variety of its active chemical components.

Key words: Ricinus communis, Traditional value, Pharmacology, Phytochemistry, Toxicology