Background:Chorea, characterized by involuntary movements, is a neurological disorder with diverse etiology. Understanding its prevalence, causes, treatment modalities, and outcomes, particularly in Saudi Arabia, is crucial for effective management. Objective:This Systematic Review aimed to synthesize existing literature on chorea in Saudi Arabia, focusing on its causes, treatment approaches, and outcomes. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases to identify relevant studies. The review included diverse study designs such as cohort studies, case series, and cross-sectional studies. Studies investigating chorea prevalence, etiology, treatment strategies, and outcomes in Saudi Arabia were included. Data extraction and synthesis were performed, with a focus on identifying common causes, treatment modalities, and clinical outcomes. Results: The review identified a total of 21 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of chorea in Saudi Arabia was found to be relatively low, with Sydenham's chorea being the most common type reported. While genetic factors were implicated in Huntington's chorea and chorea-acanthocytosis, the etiology of Sydenham's chorea and hemichorea appeared multifactorial, potentially associated with other diseases. Symptomatically, chorea was characterized by involuntary movements, facial grimacing, and emotional instability, consistent with previous literature. Treatment approaches varied, with penicillin commonly used for Sydenham's chorea and pharmacological agents like sodium valproate employed for symptom management. However, evidence-based guidelines were lacking, leading to treatment heterogeneity across studies. Conclusion: Chorea in Saudi Arabia presents with varying etiologies and treatment responses. While genetic factors play a significant role in certain subtypes, others are associated with chronic diseases. Treatment strategies focus on symptom management, but the lack of evidence-based guidelines underscores the need for further research to optimize treatment outcomes and enhance patient care.

Keywords: Chorea; Saudi Arabia; Causes; Treatment; Prevalence; Systematic Review.