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Effect of Exogenically Applied Gibberellic Acid on Morpho-Anatomical Characteristics of Chenopodium quinoa under Salt Stress

. Muhammad Akram, Tahreem Fakhar, Nargis Naz, Sidra Akram, Sahar Mumtaz, Iram Anwar, Ummar Iqbal, Muhammad Fuzail, Humna Kiran, Awaiza Yousaf, Muhammad Shoaib and Muhammad Shahid Hassan


Abstract

Environmental changes can cause the stresses including salt stress which may reduce the crop yield.  Plants are impacted by salinity through plant height, number of leaves, the length of roots, osmotic impacts, and ion-specific effects. In the present study, a pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of salt stress, growth promoter gibberellic acid, and NaCl+GA on Chenopodium quinoa. It is an annual herbaceous plant that is cultivated mainly for its edible seeds, which are higher in protein, dietary fiber, vitamin B, and minerals than many other grains. Salt concentrations of different levels of NaCl (control, 50 mM, 100 mM, 150 mM, 200 mM) moreover, a maximum of 20 mM and a minimum of 10 mM of gibberellic acid were given to plants. The effect of salinity on morphological parameters such as fresh weight, dry weight, shoot length, root length, and number of leaves showed a significant decrease whereas growth promoter enhanced root, shoot length, and number of leaves. Anatomical parameters such as epidermal thickness, cortical thickness, xylem thickness, and phloem thickness showed contrary results with salinity and by the application of gibberellic acid. In conclusion, a decline in plant growth brought on by salt stress may be caused by endogenous hormonal imbalances, suppression of cell division, decrease in water absorption, and the activity of the root metabolic process. These mechanisms have been balanced by the application of growth promoter. The beneficial impact of gibberellic acid on water intake and seed germination of crops under saline conditions. Moreover, the gibberellic acid enhanced the germination regulation mechanism.

 

Index-terms: Gibberellic acid; Salinity; NaCl; Chenopodium; Morphological; Anatomical parameters

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