Thalassemia is one of the hereditary disorders related to the reduction in rate of synthesis of the globin chains of hemoglobin. Depending upon the genetic defects or deletion the body doesn't produce enough of the proteins; the red blood cells become defective and cannot carry sufficient oxygen. The present research study was conducted to find out the prevalence and distribution of thalassemia in human population of District Bajaur. This study was also aimed to determine, Tehsil-wise and sex-wise distribution of thalassemia, and to raise the level of public awareness about this genetic disorder.

The questionnaires were distributed and collected among 1200 individuals on monthly bases from December, 2020 to September, 2021. The data were collected from different areas of Bajaur and finally analyzed by descriptive statistics and parentage method by using Microsoft excel.

In current study a total of 1200 individuals were surveyed for the said genetic disorder of Thalassemia, out of which 80 individuals were found infected with a prevalence rate of 6.67. Similarly, highest prevalence of 7.20 (49x100/680) was reported in Childs than adults 5.96 (31x100/520). Likewise, highest prevalence of 8.78 (29x100/330) was recorded in female than male 5.71(20x100/350). Similarly, in tehsils wise distribution of Thalassemia, highest prevalence of 13.19 (31x100/235) was recorded in tehsil Salarzo while lowest prevalence of 1.87 (3x100/160) was reported in tehsil Nawagai.