Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) and Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V) are innovative concepts that leverage the bidirectional flow of energy between electric vehicles and the electrical grid, allowing to consume energy and contribute surplus energy back to the grid when parked (at resting state). This dynamic interaction can help in balancing electricity demand and supply, enhance the grid stability, and optimize the integration of renewable energy sources. The advancement in electric vehicle battery and charger technologies has enhanced the overall electric vehicle capabilities, promoting broader adoption. While electric vehicles offer environmental and economic advantages, the charging process can exert adverse effects on existing network operations. To address these issues, suitable charging management strategies are still in the research process. Therefore, a battery charging infrastructure with multiple features using minimum number of semiconductor components is the need and demand of time. However, many solutions of V2G and G2V use greater number of switches. Which increase the weight and size of the charging infrastructure as the most challenging task. In this research, a novel V2G and G2V infrastructure with minimum number of switches and Active Power Filter, working in three modes of operation has been proposed. In V2G mode, the inverter/rectifier part of the charging system can feed the available power at the dc link into the grid. In addition, in G2Vmode, it can generate the power into the dc-link for onward submission into the battery bank. In this study the proposed system consists of a back-end novel high current density bidirectional converter connected with the battery bank of the vehicle and a three-phase inverter/rectifier at the front, connected with the grid. The high current density current is specially designed to manage high input current from the battery with minimum number of the switches. Moreover, high frequency transformer is employed as a galvanic isolation to isolate the grid from the battery bank. The proposed converter can successfully step-up the low battery bank voltage to high dc-link voltage in order, to feed its battery bank power into the grid according to the system need. On the other hand, in reverse mode of operation, the dc-link voltage can be step down from dc-link voltage to low battery bank voltage. This paper provides an intricate control scheme i.e. model predictive control (MPC) designed for the high current density bidirectional dc-dc converter and the inverter/rectifier. The MPC ensures a promising regulating operation of a bidirectional dc-dc converter by providing constant voltage at the dc-link and regulate the power sharing into the grid at the inverter. In active power filter mode, when the system remains idle and there is no vehicle connected to the grid, the system works as active power filter and remove the harmonics inside the grid which may be generated by different non-liner loads connected in the same grid. The intensive simulation using MATLAB/Simulink validate the performance of the circuit as well as the control schemes for all the subparts of the proposed system. The switches stress and the output/input voltages of the high current density bidirectional dc-dc converter shows superior performance with minimum number of switches. The results verify that, the MPC control of inverter shows superior performance with THD of 0.68% for linear load. The feasibility of the suggested topology and its outstanding performance in addressing both V2G and G2V mode of operation have been confirmed through simulation outcomes. It effectively compensates reactive power and mitigates current harmonic distortion selectively.

Index Terms- Bidirectional converter, Model Predictive control, vehicle to grid, grid to vehicle, grid system