In 1991, Michael Gratzel invented dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), a major solar cell technical advance. These cells have exceptional organic and inorganic solar cell qualities. A detailed empirical investigation of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell design, material synthesis, and characterization is presented in this thesis. This work aims to improve Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) design to raise stability and efficiency above the 4% benchmark attained in traditional labs. This study found that nano-porous Titania layer thickness affects dye-sensitized solar cell performance. Device efficiency increases with nano-porous Titania layer thickness. However, efficiency decreases when the nano porous Titania dense layer thickness exceeds 20 nanometers. Electrons are trapped in the high-density layer, preventing them from crossing the active layer. Electric current in the solar cell depends on this movement. Electrical characterization is crucial for assessing Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs). A variety of electrical and optical characterization techniques are used to evaluate the device's electrical and optical features. These methods use current-voltage (IV) curves, transmittance spectra, and absorbance spectra to determine device attributes. The surface morphology of DSSCs is also assessed using SEM images of the deposited layers. Experimental values match literature data, validating the study's conclusions' robustness and trustworthiness. This study adds to the scientific knowledge of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and its potential to improve solar energy conversion.

Index Terms- Dye Sensitized Solar Cell, Nano porous Titania, Electron Transport Layer