Objective: The current study aimed to examine the relationship of vitamin D levels with periodontitis in subjects with type 2 diabetes and to determine whether there is an association of glycemic control with periodontitis.

Methods: The present observational study conducted with a total of 112 participants allocated equally into two groups. Group 1, 56 diabetic without periodontitis were taken as Control and Group 2, 56 diabetic with periodontitis as Cases. Subjects with Type 1 and Gestational Diabetes were not included. Subjects on Vitamin D supplements, pregnant and lactating females were excluded. The research was carried out at Dental Clinics of Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University, Karachi. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured. Anthropometric parameters incorporated height, weight, and BMI while biochemical comprised of vitamin D and HbA1c. Periodontitis was evaluated using CPITN index. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 23. Continuous variables were presented as Mean± standard deviation while categorical variables were presented as Frequency (percentage).  Analysis of variables was done by Student's T-test, ANOVA, and Chi-square test, as appropriate p value<0.05 considered to be statistically significant.

Results: Poor glycemic control i.e. (HbA1c>8) was prevalent in 87.5 % of diabetic subjects with periodontitis while it was present in 66.1 % without periodontitis with statistically significant difference (p=0.007). HbA1c levels were inversely and significantly associated with periodontal disease (p=0.013). In periodontitis group low vitamin D levels were significantly prevalent as compared to the non-periodontitis group (p 0.001).

Conclusion: Individuals with periodontitis and type 2 diabetes may have reduced vitamin D levels which seems to be linked with inflammation and also has an impact on glycemic status.

Key words: 

Diabetes, Periodontitis, Serum Vitamin D, Glycemic control