Chronic middle ear disease is a common health concern, often necessitating surgical intervention. This study aimed to investigate variations in bone conduction (BC) thresholds following surgical treatment in patients with chronic middle ear disease, shedding light on the complex relationship between surgical interventions and hearing outcomes. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted, including 153 patients divided into five distinct groups based on the type of chronic middle ear disease and surgical treatment. Pre-operative and post-operative BC thresholds at multiple frequencies were analyzed. Statistical methods were employed to assess the significance of BC threshold variations within each group. Results: The majority of patients (77.1%) exhibited no significant changes in BC thresholds post-treatment. However, a subset of patients (9.8%) experienced improved BC thresholds, suggesting positive effects of surgical interventions on hearing outcomes. Conversely, 13.1% of patients faced BC threshold deterioration. Variations in improvement and deterioration were observed across different patient groups, underscoring the heterogeneity of responses to surgical treatment. Conclusion: This study highlights the intricate interplay between surgical treatment for chronic middle ear disease and variations in BC thresholds. While most patients maintained stable hearing outcomes, a subset experienced improvements, and others faced deterioration. These findings underscore the importance of individualized patient care and comprehensive pre-operative assessments. Further research with larger cohorts and longer follow-up periods is warranted to deepen our understanding of the factors influencing post-operative hearing outcomes in this patient population.

Keywords: Surgical treatment, Bone conduction thresholds, Conductive hearing loss, Audiometric outcomes, Middle ear surgery, Hearing improvement