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Climate Change in Literature: A Literary and People-Centered Perspective of Change in Rainfall Patterns in District Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province

. Imran Ali, Muhammad Iftikhar , Sobia Rana , Sobia Sikander & Ata ur Rahman


Abstract

Pakistan and its Northern areas including district Swat are vulnerable to extreme weather events caused by climate change. Like other climate-affected regions in the country, district Swat has also been experiencing shifts in rainfall patterns due to supposedly increasing temperature, anthropogenic activities, deforestation, Greenhouse Gases (GHGs), and pollution. Intermittently, the district experiences periods of both rainy spells and extended dry spells. In both cases, the imbalance in natural patterns is directly affecting the rain-dependent agriculture in the district—a major source of livelihood for the locals. Owing to its gravity, the issue has grown multi-disciplinary. Like the disciplines of environmental sciences, the discipline of environmental humanities, in particular, American Environmental Literature also reflects on the issue. This study evaluates the elements of change in rainfall patterns in the select texts of American Environmental Literature (Parable of the Sower and The Water Knife) and validates them with the relevant scientific published data, and the views of (voluntarily chosen age 18 or above male/female) local respondents to genuinely establish the causes, effects, consequences, and remedial strategies of the issue in the district. The findings reveal that a rich texture of change in rainfall patterns is mirrored across the select literary texts whose validity is cross-founded both in the relevant published scientific data and local respondents’ views. As predicted through supposed critical assumptions, the findings mark increasing temperature, anthropogenic activities, deforestation, GHGs, and pollution as the core causes of change in rainfall patterns in the district. In addition to raising awareness about the phenomenon of climate change in general and changing rainfall patterns in particular, the study urges the concerned authorities and national/international stakeholders to pay considerable attention to the issue. The devised sustainable remedies—such as the control of the population, deforestation, GHGs, anthropogenic activities, etc.—bear the potential to save the district from further environmental calamities. Apart from its local and national impact, the study also corresponds to UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) No. 13: Climate Action and 15: Life on Land. 

Keywords: Literature, Cli-Fi, Climate Change, Rainfall Patterns, Swat

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