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A REGNIONAL BURDEN OF TYPHOID FEVER IN UPPER SWAT, PAKISTAN

. Ahmad Ali, Marwa Khan, Bilal Ahmad, Safiullah Shah, Izhar Ullah, Syed Sabir Hussain Shah & Sajidur Rahman


Abstract

Typhoid fever is serious disease and health problem all over the world. Worldwide 17 million people have been infected by Salmonella typhi. Prevalence of Typhoid is mostly in Asia and developed countries. Five countries of Asia have high prevalence of Typhoid fever, Including Pakistan, India, Indonesia, China and Vietnam. Among these countries, prevalence is high in Pakistan and India, intermediate in Indonesia and low in China and Vietnam. Ratios are more in Pakistan as compare to India. Ratio of Typhoid fever in Pakistan is 451.7 per 100,000 populations per year, while ratio in India is 214.2 per 100,000 populations per year. Upper Swat is a region of district Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The frequency of Typhoid fever was studied from August 2018 to June 2019 in Upper Swat. Upper Swat consists of three Tehsil, i.e Tehsil Matta, Khwazakhela and Behrian. Total 2,70, 813 patients were visited to THQ Matta in which 829 were Typhoid patients (0.306%), Total 1,88,525 patients were visited to THQ Khwazakhela in which 1,856 were Typhoid patients (0.984%) and Total 116,282 patients were visited to THQ Bahrain in which 1,942 were Typhoid patients (1.670%). So total 4,627/5, 75,622 (0.803%) Typhoid patients were reported. Ratio of Typhoid fever in female are more as compare to male, Percentage in female is 2,435/4,627 (52.62%) while in male is 2,192/4627 (47.38%). Age wise, enteric fever is more in young’s (having age 21-30 year i.e. 42.34%) as compare to old people (12.68%) and children (8.46%). Typhidot test and culturing are authentic technique for the determination of the Typhoid fever, while Widal test are used when time of infection is in the second week, In first weak infection are does not shown through Widal test. The determination of frequency of Typhoid fever in upper Swat provide many information, about incident of Typhoid fever in this region, which can helps in future health policies.

 

Index Terms- Enteric fever, THQ, Typhoidot test, Typhoid fever, Upper Swat, Widal test.

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