Citrullus colocynthis is a traditional plant used as folk medicine in different diseases. The basic aim is to evaluate the   pharmacological activities of bioactive compounds found in petroleum ether extract of C. colocynthis stem. Thirty-six rats of weight between 150-170g were used to investigate anti-inflammatory activity, anti-pyretic activity and analgesic activity. The doses were injected through the intraperitoneal cavity and muscles. The maximum anti-inflammatory activity (60%), antipyretic (100%) and analgesic (72%) has been shown by the extract at concentration of 400 mg/kg. The activities on stem part showed the level of significance (p<0.005) by using ANOVA.  Molecular docking simulations results showed the binding interactions of catechin and palmitic acid (C. colocynthis) against PTGS2, TLR2 and TRPV4, respectively. Docking simulations showed that catechin and palmitic acid possessed good binding energy values inside the active regions of target proteins. Taken together, catechin and palmitic acid of C. colocynthis may possessed therapeutic behaviors against inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic by targeting PTGS2, TLR2 and TRPV4.

Keywords: Inflammation, Pyrexia, Algesia, Molecular docking (MD)