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Gender Discrimination in Extension-Farmers Contact: An Evidence from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

. Urooba Pervaiz, Dawood Jan, Mehnaz Safdar, Ayesha Khan, Muhammad Zafurallah Khan and Mahmood Iqbal


Abstract

The current research work gender discrimination in extension-farmers contact is carried out in three districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. For the study purpose 384 women farmers either involved directly or indirectly in agriculture and livestock sector were selected through random sampling technique. Other respondents were the public sector agriculture officials of the Extension Department and they were 80 in number in the three selected districts. Well-structure and pre-tested interview schedule was used separately for both respondents and collected data were analysed. Only 14.3% women respondents received trainings from the private sector organizations. All female farmers reported unavailability of female extension staff in the study area. Data regarding extension staff show that majority (97.5%) were male, whereas only 2.5% were female in the study area. Majority (76.3%) of the extension staff was field assistants, in which 67.5% were Diploma holders and only 10% were M.Sc. (Hons) graduates. Lack of resources and finance were the basic cause for not organizing trainings and workshops for women farmers, resulting in extension-farmers gap, only 43.8% of extension workers were providing training facilities in their respective domains only to male farmers It is concluded that the role of extension department in creating awareness among women farmers is very poor. Women farmers are deprived of their due right to access of information; as a result they are hindered from obtaining new opportunities. Female extension worker (Field Assistant) position does not exist in agricultural extension department in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Agriculture related trainings for women farmers were very uncommon in the study area. The study recommends that separate female training opportunities must be provided to women farmers especially intensive trainings in the field of kitchen gardening and livestock related problems. In-service trainings and employees’ development of the public sector extension staff is required for effective extension field operations.

Key Words: technology dissemination, women farmers, extension workers, trainings

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