In the production of nanoparticles utilizing biological products, bioinspired or green technology gains significance every day owing to its ecofriendly and cost-effective nature. In the current study, Zinc nitrate was used to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs), Zinc oxide nanoparticles were stabilized and reduced by bioactive molecules of black pepper seed extract. Further characterization of ZnO-NPs was carried out using UV-Vis spectroscopy, SEM, EDAX, X-ray, DLS, TEM diffractograms, and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). It was found that zinc nanoparticles can be best synthesized at 60ºC, metal salt (zinc oxide) concentration of 4.0 mg, and reaction time of 60 minutes. From antibacterial bioassay, it was observed that ZnO-NPs showed significance antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae (17±2.64 mm), by Pseudomonas aerugenosa (19±2.54), Proteus vulgaris (16±9.61) and Staphylococcus aureus (19±7.32) at 100 microliters of extract. Furthermore, ZnO-NPs exhibited significant Red Blood Cells haemocompatibility and antioxidant activity, the highest TAC and ABTS free radical scavenging activity at 400 µg/mL was noted as (42.24±0.65) and (42.12±0.83) for ZnO-NPs respectively. The particles exhibited excellent hemocompatibility as even at the highest concentration of 400 μg/mL (3.67±0.13%) hemolytic activity was observed respectively. It was concluded that Black Pepper extract is useful for the reduction and capping of ZnO-NPs. The bioengineered nanoparticles were biocompatible and have strong antioxidant, antibacterial and In-vitro biocompatibility capability against pathogenic bacterial isolates, therefore by utilizing ZnO-NPs in combination with commercially available antibiotics may provide an alternate therapy for the potential treatment of bacterial infections.

Keywords: Black Pepper ZnO-NPs, Antibacterial activity, Anti-oxidant assay, Biocompatibility assay.