This study aimed to explore the biological potential of the Euphorbia dracunculoides mediated zinc oxide and iron oxide nanoparticles against bacterial strains and pyrexia. The result indicated that the plant extract and both nanoparticles showed promising antibacterial activity in a dose-dependent manner against bacterial strains i-e E. faecalis, E. coli, B. cereus, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa. In vivo, the Antipyretic activity of plant extract and iron oxide nanoparticles was effective significantly decreasing body temperature in a dose-dependent manner but zinc oxide showed a non-significant decrease in body temperature. The result summarized that both nanoparticles are safe for the preparation of drugs.