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Clinical features of Diabetes mellitus in postmenopausal women; an observational study

. Asma Safdar, Zakia Shakeel, Sana Ashfaq, Hamida Ghulam Hussain, Rutab Mehtab, Nida Sajid & Tooba Shafaq


Abstract

Objective: Menopause is one of the most significant event, which causes many bodily changes that have an ongoing impact on a woman's life. Menopause is also linked to a poor metabolic profile and a higher chance of developing type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the postmenopausal symptoms that women with type 2 diabetes experienced.

Methodology: This study was a multicenter cross-sectional study that was conducted using a non-probability sampling technique. The duration of the study was about six months, from August 1, 2022, to January 31, 2023.The study included 360 postmenopausal women with type II diabetes mellitus who were between the ages of 40 and 60. Menopause status, postmenopausal symptom experience, health status, coexisting diseases, diabetic symptoms, and socio-demographic factors including age, gender, and socioeconomic status, were documented, height, and weight were also noted in order to compute body mass index (BMI).

Results: The study findings showed that the mean age was 60.69±10.21 years, and the mean BMI was 24.22±8.42 kg/m2.Dermatological manifestations such as dry, cracked skin was observed in 264(73.3%) women. Shortness of breath was observed in 276(76.7%) women. Mood swings were observed in 276(76.7%) women. Around 186(51.7%) had trouble in reading or seeing faraway objects, visual disturbances was reported in 192(53.3%)women. The majority of the women 274(76.1%) urinate three times at night. Tingling or numbness 196(54.4%), swelling of hands or feet 264(73.3%), burning pain 264(73.3%), muscular pain 336(93.3%), too sensitive feet on touch 134(37.2%) were also noticed.

Conclusion:This study concluded that the fatigue, and muscular pain or cramps in legs or feet were the most prevalent symptoms, followed by visual disturbances, shortness of breath, chest tightness, dry and cracked skin, apatite loss, and slow or delayed healing of wounds in postmenopausal women with diabetes.

Keywords: Postmenopausal symptoms, clinical features. type II Diabetes

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