Motorcycle is one of the very common and cheapest means of personal transport in Karachi [1]. The two-wheeler auto vehicle driver is at a high risk of hitting and impactingthe ground with the collision of headfirst at the road surface having a diverse range of travelling speeds, from the urban road's average speed limit of 50 km/h to the race tracks' maximum speeds of 120–150 km/h and above.Motorcycle helmets, on the other hand, are tested at a lower impact speed of about 26 km per hour compared to the average speed of bike accidents in the real world, as per draft Pakistan Standard Specifications Protective helmets for motorcycle riders i.e. The unit, which is made up of the head form and helmet, must fall on the test anvil at a speed equivalent to 7-0.15+0.0 m/s for the anvils defined in C-2.1.2.1 and 6-0.15+0.0 m/s for the anvils stated in C-2.1.2.2, immediately before impact. [2].

To simulate headfirstimpact at travelling speeds (or tangential impacting components) of 50 km per hour and above, a head model having finite element attributes will be integrated with a motorcycle helmet model in this study. The effects of different falling helmet sides (front, side, and top) and varying ground-to-outer-helmet friction coefficients (0.4 & 0.68) will be investigated.

In general, this study will highlight the importance of testing helmets in relatively high speed as compared to testing speed of helmet impact in laboratories along with the consideration of helmet-to-ground interaction with different co-efficient of friction.     

Keyword: Finite Element Method & Model, Head-first high Speed impact, Motorcycle, Helmet, Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), Road Traffic accidents