The current research work examines the phytochemical profile, antibacterial, cytotoxic, and antioxidant properties of Cirsium swaticum crude extract. The findings demonstrated the presence of numerous significant phytochemicals in Cirsium swaticum, including carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, phenol, Curamins, oils, and lipids. Five different bacterial strains i.e-(Proteus mirabilis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, and E. coli) were tested for antibacterial activity using the agar-well diffusion method. The obtained results demonstrated highly substantial anti-bacterial action, and among the several extracts, the methanolic extract from the leaves is superior to that from the stem and root against our tested bacterial stains. The extract was also evaluated for antifungal activity and the results showed that it was highly effective against five different fungal strains, including such as (Alternaria species, Carvolaria species, Fusarium species, Helminthosporium specie and Rhizopus species). This is the first report on the pharmacognostic studies of Cirsium swaticum Petr and is useful in the characterization of the crude drug. Earlier, the other species of the genus Cirsium swaticum were screened and found potential antimicrobial activities, but Cirsium swaticum Petr was not previously studied. Cirsium swaticum Petr was tested for its ability to scavenge free radicals by inhibiting them in different concentrations such as 1, 3, and 5 mg/ml using the conventional DPPH assay. The findings demonstrate that the crude methanolic extract of Cirsium swaticum Petr at concentration 1 mg/ml shows the maximum percent inhibition (70%), while the smallest percent inhibition was obtained at concentration 5 mg/ml (19%). The larvae of brine shrimp were used to test the cytotoxicity. The results showed that when the Cirsium swaticum methanolic extract was tested at different doses, i.e. 100, 500, and 1000 ug/ml, the maximum percentage of deaths was recorded at 1000 ug/ml (90%), the maximum percentage of deaths was recorded at 500 ug/ml (60%), and the minimum percentage of deaths was recorded at 1000 ug/ml (30%).

Keywords: Phytochemicals, Antimicrobial antioxidant and Cytotoxic activity of Cirsium swaticum Petr.