Modern industrialization is helping human beings in many ways by enhancing our lifestyle and comfort, but this comfort is coming at a heavy cost and that cost is the pollution. Industrial waste is dumped into different water bodies which are causing severe water pollution and damage to aquatic life particularly fish. Among water pollutants, the most dangerous pollutants are the heavy metals that are being dumped into water bodies by industries like paint, metallurgical, cigarette, fertilizers, and PVC. Cadmium (Cd) is such a heavy metal that is being produced in tons in different industries worldwide and dumped into water bodies and it settles down at the bottom. Cadmium can cause different types of cancers because it is a known carcinogenic metal. It can mimic different hormones in the human body. Cadmium is produced in industries like paint, PVC, and nickel-cadmium batteries. Fishery is a fast-growing industry that fulfills the needs of human daily protein intake worldwide and fish is a very important aquatic organism and an important part of the food chain. Fish, on the other hand, are extremely vulnerable to heavy metal pollution because of the presence of heavy metals in the water, which they consume in the form of aquatic plants, sediments, and other fish. Heavy metals can easily accumulate in the body of fish because fish is in direct contact with contaminated water and when this contaminated fish comes in contact with humans via fish consumption it can easily transfer to humans and can cause lethal effects to human health.

Keywords- Cadmium toxicity, Fish consumption, Human health, Modern industrialization.